Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Smart oil and conductivity sensor for water quality monitoring A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. Smart oil and conductivity sensor for water quality monitoring M.
Dias Pereira1,2, O. Postolache1,2, P. Basically, the proposed sensing devices include a capacitive element used to measure oil thickness and a conductivity element to measure water conductivity. Temperature compensation of measured values is also provided by including an additional temperature sensor in the system. Field applications are not restricted to environmental monitoring and can include wastewater treatment plants, oil quality measurement and measurement of oil quality in fluid systems and hydraulic components.
Some experimental results are also presented in this paper. Introduction and objective Removal of free oil and floating materials in industrial wastewater-treatment processes together with conductivity measurements are two important issues in water pollution control []. Another important application of oil and conductivity measurements is in the field of water quality monitoring in rivers and estuaries especially in geographical areas nearby pollutant industrial plants.
Nowadays, this subject is a major topic that affects life quality in our society. This paper presents a measurement solution for oil-thickness and water conductivity. Oil-on-water thickness measurement is based on a capacitive sensor that takes advantage of the large difference between the dielectric constants of oil and water [4- 6].
Conductivity measurement is based on a three-electrode conductivity sensor that includes a reference and a measuring sub-cell [7]. A third sensor for temperature measurements thermistor Omega ON Series is also included in the system in order to compensate measurement errors caused by temperature variations. Finally, it is important to refer that although this paper does not addresses in detail auto-calibration [8], sensor cleaning procedures, and choice of anti-fouling and anti-adherent electrode materials, these issues must be considered in a commercial design of the system to assure accurate measurements in aggressive environments like the ones provided by industrial polluted and contaminated waters.
Sensor design Sensors are assembled together in a single structure as represented in Figure 1. The conductivity sensor includes two parts: a reference sub-cell, connected between terminals 1 and 2 , and a measuring sub-cell, connected between terminals 2 and 3.
The metallic plates are supported by a material with a low electrical permittivity acrylic in order to minimize the displacement current around the conductivity sensor. Sensor assembly assures that the conductivity cells work always under the oil thickness layer, being the maximum expected oil thickness, doil max, lower than dimension W represented in Figure 1. The conductivity reference sub-cell is filled with a calibrated solution with a well-known conductivity value and is used for auto-calibration purposes and to minimize common errors that affect equally measuring and reference conductivity sub-cells ratio measurement techniques.
The oil-on-water sensor includes a single capacitor whose dielectric is filled with two different liquids: oil and water. Output characteristic after stretching reciprocating times compared with initial output k.
According to the above findings, it is believed that the designed O—S TENG could be applied in the actual field to realize the real-time and online detection system in industrial applications.
To demonstrate this, a self-powered sensor is developed for real-time and online monitoring of the engine lubricating oil in an actual oil tank on a simulated test platform. The mechanical motion of vehicles always involves acceleration and deceleration on complex roads such as school roads, highways, and road intersections. When the temperature of oil increases, the output voltage decreases gradually Figure S This is because the high temperature will cause thermionic emission which will lower the TENG output performance.
Hence, reciprocating cycles have little effect on the adsorption behavior indicating the designed O—S TENG exhibits good ductility and stability. This study developed a self-powered triboelectric sensor for monitoring lubricating oils based on the oil—solid interfacing triboelectrification effect. The charge transfer between water and solids is suggested to have both electrons and ions exchange.
But for the case of oil with solids, since there are no ions in oil, the surface charges on the solid after contacting the oil should be electron exchange from the oil molecules. Our experimental results carried out here suggest that electrons are transferred from oil to the glass surface, which is responsible for the signals we have detected.
This finding is consistent with our previous study for the water—oil interface, in which electron transfer was also suggested. We obtained the adsorption mass of these base oils on the substrate further confirming the screen effects by QCM-D analysis. On the basis of the findings, a self-powered monitor is successfully developed for real-time and online monitoring of the engine lubricating oil in an actual oil tank.
It is believed that this self-powered triboelectric sensor has the great advantages of monitoring service performance of lubricating oils for different mechanical systems in a cost-efficient way. The output voltage signal was measured using a Keithley system electrometer. The dielectric constant of lubricating oil was measured by an automatic oil dielectric loss and volume resistivity tester Delit, China.
Rapeseed oil was obtained from Arawan Co. The flow rate and volume of the oil in the dropper are about 0.
The full formulated commercial engine lubricant oil 0W was achieved from Autobacs Quality Co. The waste oil was acquired in a being-repaired motor vehicle from a dealership Tianyuanbao Road Auto Maintenance Center, China.
The inner diameters of all droppers are 5 mm. The contact areas of the TENG in this study are all the same for avoiding their influence on the condition monitoring of oils. The Cu electrode with a width of 15 mm was uniformly attached on a dropper substrate. The single electrode-based O—S TENG was first fabricated by preparing a long rectangular copper electrode with a width of 3 mm and a length of 5 mm.
Table of factors of the contaminant ingressions studied for the different times in the atmospheric environment; additional figures supporting the text PDF. Front view of oil tank MP4. Nonencapsulated oil tank1 MP4. Nonencapsulated oil tank2 MP4. Encapsulated oil tank MP4. Data view1 MP4. Data view2 MP4. Data view3 MP4. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. ACS Nano. Published online Jun China Find articles by Jun Zhao. China Find articles by Yuan Liu. China Find articles by Baodong Chen.
China Find articles by Zhong Lin Wang. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Apr 8; Accepted Jun Published by American Chemical Society. Keywords: lubricating oils, condition monitoring, triboelectric nanogenerator, TENG, smart machines. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Electrical Output Mechanism of Lubricating Oils According to the output voltage of O—S TENG above, it can be found that the variation tendency of water-laden oil flow is different from those of Fe, Cu debris, and carbon black-laden flows.
Figure 4. Formulated Lubricating Oil Condition Monitoring by the O—S TENG To monitor full formulated lubricating oils for industry application, a fresh formulated commercial engine lubricating oil with various fractions of waste oil instead of pure base oils in the previous section is used as a test object. Figure 5. Conclusions This study developed a self-powered triboelectric sensor for monitoring lubricating oils based on the oil—solid interfacing triboelectrification effect.
Methods Characterization The output voltage signal was measured using a Keithley system electrometer. Notes The authors declare no competing financial interest.
References Neirotti P. Cities , 38 , Nano Energy , 66 , ACS Nano , 10 , Oil Analysis Basics: Second Edition.
Soliman, M. Analyzing Failure to Prevent Problems. Industrial Management 56 5 , He works as a lecturer at the American University in Cairo and as a consultant for several international industrial organizations. He earned post- graduate degrees in Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. He holds numerous certificates in management, industry, quality, and cost engineering.
For most of his career, Soliman worked as a regular employee for various industrial sectors. This included crystal-glass making, fertilizers, and chemicals. He did this while educating people about the culture of continuous improvement. He has been lecturing at The American University in Cairo for 6 year and has designed and delivered 40 leadership and technical skills enhancement training modules. He has published several articles in peer reviewed academic journals and magazines.
His writings on lean manufacturing, leadership, productivity, and business appear in Industrial Engineers, Lean Thinking, and Industrial Management. Download PDF.
0コメント